EVALUATION AND UTILIZATION OF HEALTH INFORMATION SOURCES AND CHANNELS BY ELDERLY INDIVIDUALS IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
Abstract
This study sought to examine how elderly individuals living in Nairobi’s informal settlements access, evaluate, and utilize health information, in contexts where poverty, infrastructural deficits, and low digital literacy exacerbate health vulnerabilities. Grounded in Giddens’ Aging Theory and Maslow’s Basic Needs Theory, the research highlights how structural barriers, socio-economic hardship, and limited technological access constrain older adults’ ability to obtain, interpret, and apply health information. Evidence indicates that elders predominantly rely on interpersonal networks, traditional media, and community health volunteers, while formal and digital channels remain underutilized due to affordability, accessibility, and trust deficits. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted following PRISMA guidelines to synthesize evidence on elderly health information access in informal settlements. Structured searches across Scopus, Web of Science, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect were complemented by grey literature from WHO, HelpAge International, and Kenya’s Ministry of Health. Studies included addressed older adults’ health information needs, exhibited methodological rigor, and applied to informal settlement contexts. Both qualitative and quantitative research published between 2018 and 2025 were reviewed, alongside foundational theoretical works. Methodological quality was appraised using established SLR frameworks to ensure robustness, transparency, and replicability. The findings revealed persistent barriers such as low digital literacy, dependence on informal social networks, and limited engagement with formal health communication channels. Multi-channel strategies, including radio, community health volunteers, intergenerational digital mentorship, and vernacular-language materials, enhanced comprehension, trust, and utilization of health information. Empirical gaps remain regarding the comparative effectiveness of formal versus informal sources, the role of trust, and the impact of digital inclusion interventions. By framing health information access as fundamental to survival, autonomy, and dignity, this study recommends evidence-based insights for age-sensitive interventions. Policymakers and health planners should implement culturally tailored, multi-channel communication strategies that integrate formal and informal sources, leverage community health volunteers, expand intergenerational digital mentorship programs, and provide accessible formats including vernacular languages, audio-visual materials, and large print to overcome literacy and sensory barriers. Embedding these strategies within slum health policies can enhance trust, uptake, and ultimately, healthy ageing among marginalized older adults in resource-limited urban environments.
Key Words: Elderly Individuals, Informal Settlements, Health Information
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