African Journal of Emerging Issues - is scholarly, open access, peer reviewed, double blind, interdisciplinary, and fully refereed journal focusing on theories, methods and applications in medicine, Engineering, Technology and Applied sciences. The Editorial Board is very committed to build the Journal as one of the leading African Journals of Emerging issues in the next few years to come. The Journal's reputation will be enhanced from arrangements with several organizers of international conferences in publishing selected best papers of the conference proceedings. Aim African Journal of Emerging Issues(AJOEI) is aimed to provide a highly readable and valuable addition to the literature, which will serve as an indispensable reference tool for years to come and provide a medium through which scholars and researchers all over the world publish their scholarly applied and fundamental research works including all new theoretical and experimental findings. Scope The coverage of the Journal publishes research articles and encourages the submission of critical review articles covering advances in recent research of such fields as well as technical notes. AJOEI will continue to provide information on the latest emerging trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. Submission: Authors are requested to submit their papers electronically through the ONLINE SUBMISSION CENTRE Or As Email attachment to journals@ajoeijournals.org
INTEGRATION OF ICT IN SCHOOL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT OF SELECTED PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN GREATER MBARARA REGION
Purpose of Study: This study was intended to determine the relationship between ICT integration and financial management performance in a sample of public secondary schools. Problem Statement: There is no enthusiasm about incorporating ICT into core management functions most especially in financial management in public secondary schools in greater Mbarara. Methodology: The study adopted a quantitative and qualitative approach using cross-sectional research design; data was collected from a sample of 102 respondents, most of whom were officials dealing with finances. Result: Results showed that high positive linear correlations were observed at r= +0.611, +0.709 and +0.828, an indicative that there is a positive significance association between ICT integration and financial management among public secondary schools in Mbarara City. This then implies that ICT integration influences financial management. Recommendation: The study recommended that awareness, empowerment and governmental intervention towards the implementation of ICT integration in school financial management system should be fastened through training, availability of technological infrastructure, ICT experts/personnel and availability of internet and electricity. Keywords: ICT Integration, Budgeting, Finance Management
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TEACHERS’ TECHNOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE IN TEACHING AND LEARNING: A CASE OF SELECTED SCHOOLS IN LUWEERO DISTRICT
Purpose of Study: The study examined teachers’ technological knowledge in teaching and learning in selected secondary schools in Luweero District, to establish how teachers’ preparedness to use Information and Communication Technology (ICT) influences the teaching–learning process. Problem Statement: In Uganda, the government has demonstrated commitment to ICT integration through initiatives such as the National ICT Policy for Education (2004) and the Education Digital Agenda Strategy (2021–2025). Despite these efforts, national education statistics indicate that ICT use in teaching and learning remains limited. Recent reports show that only about 41% of schools nationally and approximately 37.8% of schools in Luweero District effectively use ICT for instructional purposes. Challenges such as inadequate digital infrastructure, limited internet connectivity, insufficient teacher training, and low technological confidence persist, particularly in rural districts. Consequently, teachers in many secondary schools in Luweero District appear inadequately prepared to integrate ICT into teaching and learning processes. This situation threatens the attainment of national education goals related to digital learning and quality education. Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design, involving 75 teachers drawn from both public and private secondary schools. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire comprising closed-ended items measured on a five-point Likert scale, complemented by key informant interviews to enrich quantitative findings. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was used to establish the nature and the strength of the association between technological knowledge and teaching–learning processes, while linear regression analysis determined the predictive effect of teachers’ technological knowledge on learning processes. Result: The findings revealed a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between teachers’ technological knowledge and teaching–learning processes (r = 0.662, p < 0.01). Regression results further indicated that teachers’ technological knowledge significantly predicts effective learning processes in the selected schools. Conclusion: Teachers’ technological knowledge is a critical determinant of effective ICT-supported teaching and learning in secondary schools in Luweero District. Recommendation: Schools and education authorities prioritize continuous ICT-focused professional development, strengthen access to digital teaching resources, and promote learner centered pedagogical approaches supported by technology to enhance teaching and learning outcomes. Keywords: Technological, Pedagogical, Teaching and Learning, Content, Knowledge
MACRO-ECONOMIC VARIABLE FLUCTUATIONS AND STOCK MARKET PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS LISTED AT THE NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE
Problem: The financial performance of commercial banks listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) is influenced by fluctuations in macroeconomic variables, yet the extent to which factors such as inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, and economic growth affect bank performance in Kenya remains unclear. Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of macroeconomic variables on the financial performance of commercial banks listed at the NSE in Kenya. Methodology: The study was anchored on Keynesian Economic Theory, Arbitrage Pricing Theory, and the Market Power Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted. The target population consisted of the nine commercial banks enumerated on the NSE. Secondary data on inflation, interest rates, exchange rates, and GDP was obtained from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, while share price data was obtained from the NSE. The study used quarterly data for the period 2015–2024, resulting in 40 observations. Time series analysis using multiple linear regression was conducted after diagnostic tests for linearity, homoscedasticity, autocorrelation, multicollinearity, and stationarity. Hypotheses were tested at a 95% confidence level using the t-statistic. Findings: The results indicate that Consumer Price Index (CPI) volatility, Central Bank Rate (CBR) volatility, and exchange rate volatility negatively and significantly influence the financial performance of commercial banks listed at the NSE. Conversely, GDP growth has a positive and significant effect on bank performance, indicating that strong economic growth enhances the financial performance of commercial banks. Recommendations: The study recommends strengthening fiscal and monetary policy coordination to stabilize inflation and ensure predictable price movements. It also recommends maintaining a consistent and transparent Central Bank Rate policy and strengthening exchange rate risk management mechanisms among banks and regulators. Keywords: Macro-Economic Variable, Fluctuations, Stock Market Performance, Commercial Banks Listed, Nairobi Securities Exchange
THE ROLE OF RISK MANAGEMENT MEASURES ON CUSTOMER RETENTION OF UNCLASSIFIED AFRICAN INDIGENOUS RESTAURANTS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
Statement of the Problem: Risk management measures involve proactively identifying, assessing, and controlling food-related threats to an African indigenous restaurant’s assets, operations, earnings, and reputation. Customer retention refers to a restaurant’s ability to encourage repeat visits. Purpose of the Study: The purpose of the study was to examined how food safety resilience influences customer retention in unclassified African indigenous restaurants in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Research Methodology: A concurrent mixed-methods design was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Systematic sampling selected restaurants, proportionate sampling targeted food handlers, simple random sampling selected supervisors and managers, and convenient sampling involved customers, totaling 766 respondents. Data were gathered through structured questionnaires, observation schedules, and interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using mean, standard deviation, chi-square, Spearman correlation, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests, while qualitative data underwent content analysis with word frequency, text search, and Node matrix analyses. Findings: Findings revealed a strong positive relationship between risk management and customer retention, with risk mitigation having the greatest impact compared to risk assessment and risk analysis. Keywords: Risk Management, Measures, Customer Retention, Unclassified, African Indigenous Restaurants, Nairobi City County
FOOD SAFETY RESILIENCE MEASURES ON CUSTOMER RETENTION IN UNCLASSIFIED AFRICAN INDIGENOUS RESTAURANTS IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY
Statement of the Problem:Food safety resilience measures are strategies and processes that help restaurants quickly identify weaknesses, implement interventions, and withstand future food hazard crises. Customer retention refers to a restaurant’s ability to encourage repeat visits. Purpose of the Study: This study examined how food safety resilience measures influence customer retention in unclassified African indigenous restaurants in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Methodology:Using a concurrent mixed-methods design, the study collected both quantitative and qualitative data. Systematic sampling selected the restaurants, proportionate sampling chose food handlers, simple random sampling picked supervisors and managers, and convenience sampling targeted customers, totaling 766 respondents. Quantitative data were gathered through structured questionnaires and observation schedules, while interviews with managers provided qualitative insights. Analysis included central tendency tests, chi-square tests, Spearman correlation, and Kruskal-Wallis H tests for quantitative data, and content analysis with word frequency, text search, and Node matrix analysis for qualitative data. Results: Findings showed that food safety resilience measures significantly impact customer retention, with food safety awareness having the strongest influence. Recommendations: The study recommends that restaurant practitioners and policymakers fully implement food safety resilience measures, particularly focusing on raising food safety awareness among staff and customers to promote safe food practices. Keywords: Food Safety, Resilience Measures, Customer Retention, Unclassified, African Indigenous Restaurants, Nairobi City County
ORGANIZATIONAL ALIGNMENT AND CERTIFICATION PRACTICES IN PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION: EVIDENCE FROM KENYA’S COFFEE SECTOR
Purpose of the Study: This study examined the effect of organizational alignment on the relationship between certification practices and project implementation in the coffee sector of Kiambu County, Kenya. It focused on how alignment between farming practices, organizational structures, and certification standards influences implementation outcomes. Statement of the Problem: Coffee farmers in Kiambu County continue to face challenges in effectively implementing certification practices, resulting in inefficiencies and inconsistent product quality. While certification offers benefits such as improved market access and sustainability, limited empirical evidence exists on how organizational alignment shapes its effectiveness. Misalignment in farming practices, knowledge systems, and certification requirements may undermine project performance and competitiveness. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, targeting coffee farmers, project managers, and key stakeholders. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analysis were applied to test relationships and moderation effects. Findings: Certification practices had a strong positive effect on project implementation (R = 0.834; R² = 0.696). Organizational alignment showed a positive but statistically insignificant moderating effect, with only a marginal increase in model explanatory power (R² = 0.697). This indicates that certification practices are the dominant drivers of project success. Conclusion: The study concludes that while organizational alignment supports implementation, its moderating effect is limited. Effective certification practices remain the primary determinants of project performance. Recommendations: Strengthen quality management, training, and sustainability compliance. Enhance alignment through targeted capacity building, and support farmers with policy and resource frameworks that facilitate certification adoption. Keywords: Organizational Alignment, Certification Practices, Project Implementation, Coffee Sector, Kiambu County, Agricultural Projects, Certification Standards, Quality Management, Sustainable Agriculture, Project Success
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIASPORA REMITTANCE TRANSFER CHANNELS IN PROMOTING ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA
Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study was therefore to conduct a comparative analysis of diaspora remittance transfer channels in promoting economic development in Kenya using a desktop review methodology. Problem Statement: Remittance inflows in Kenya reached approximately USD 4.19 billion in 2023, accounting for over 3 percent of GDP and exceeding earnings from key export sectors. Despite this growth, challenges including youth unemployment, poverty, income inequality, and structural economic imbalances raise concerns regarding the extent to which remittance inflows are effectively translated into serious economic development. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop review methodology, guided by a development economics perspective to review peer-reviewed journal articles, institutional reports, policy documents, and empirical studies focusing on remittance channels, financial intermediation, digital inclusion, macroeconomic performance, and regulatory frameworks. Result: Formal and regulated transfer channels including commercial banks and digital platforms, demonstrate stronger associations with financial inclusion, deposit mobilization, credit expansion, and sectoral multiplier effects compared to informal channels. Recommendation: The Government of Kenya through the Central Bank of Kenya, financial institutions, fintech providers and diaspora engagement agencies should support formal remittance corridors, reduce transaction costs, promote financial literacy, and integrate remittance management into national development planning frameworks. Keywords: Diaspora Remittances; Remittance Transfer Channels; Financial Intermediation; Economic Development; Financial Inclusion; Kenya
ROLE OF CAPACITY BUILDING IN ENHANCING WATER SERVICE DELIVERY: A CASE STUDY OF MANDERA COUNTY, KENYA
Purpose of Study: The study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the role of capacity building in enhancing the provision of water services in Mandera County. Problem Statement: The Kenya National Water Policy 2021 was developed with the aim of ensuring sustainable water resource management and equitable access to clean water across the country. However, there exists gaps in its implementation especially in Mandera County, where water scarcity continues to be a severe and ongoing challenge. Methodology: The study was informed by pragmatism philosophy and employing a descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised 535 participants drawn from various key stakeholders in Mandera County. The researcher used Slovin’s formula to obtain a sample size of 229 respondents. Result: Analysis yielded a coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.428, indicating that 42.8% of the variation in the provision of water services in Mandera County is explained by capacity building. The ANOVA results revealed that the overall model was statistically significant (p = 0.000<0.05). Regression coefficient results indicated that capacity building has a positive but statistically insignificant effect on the provision of water services in Mandera County (β = 0.414, p = 0.078 > 0.05). Recommendation: Water sector development partners, NGOs, and the Mandera County Public Service Board should work together to reform and scale up capacity-building programs across the water sector workforce. Keywords: Capacity Building, Water Service Delivery, Water Management, Service Enhancement, Mandera County
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES OF HUMANITARIAN WORKERS REGARDING MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES AND THE RESILIENCE OF DISPLACED PEOPLE IN THE CONTEXT OF ARMED CONFLICT IN NORTH KIVU
Purpose of the study: This study examined the knowledge, attitudes and practices of humanitarian workers regarding mental health and community resilience, and their relationship with the resilience levels of displaced persons in the Bulengo camp, North Kivu. Statement of the problem: Armed conflicts continue to generate large-scale displacement and profound mental health challenges, particularly in fragile contexts such as North Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Despite the central role of humanitarian organizations in crisis response, mental health and psychosocial support remain insufficiently integrated into humanitarian interventions. Methodology: A quantitative cross-sectional design was adopted using a questionnaire survey. Data were collected from 80 humanitarian workers from 10 NGOs and 80 displaced persons in Bulengo through standardized instruments: the Humanitarian Knowledge Scale, the Mental Health Attitudes Scale, and the KV+ Resilience Scale. Non-probability sampling was used due to the high mobility of humanitarian workers and contextual constraints. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, t-tests, and linear regression in SPSS. Findings: Results showed that humanitarian workers had generally low knowledge levels (M = 10.35, SD = 8.34), with a fragmented distribution across categories (χ² = 0.074, p > .05). Attitudes toward mental health were predominantly average (M = 119.08, SD = 11.65), with a significant predominance of moderate attitudes over negative ones (χ² = 7.20, p = .007). Engagement in community resilience activities was evenly distributed (50% yes; 50% no) and not significantly associated with attitudes (t = 1.63, p = .107). Displaced persons demonstrated predominantly low resilience (M = 61.18, SD = 13.03), with 55% classified as low and 20% as very low (χ², p = .001). A significant negative relationship was found between humanitarian knowledge and displaced persons’ resilience (r = −.408, R² = .166, p = .009), indicating that higher knowledge scores were associated with lower resilience levels. These findings suggest a possible gap between theoretical knowledge and effective resilience-building practice in humanitarian settings. Conclusion: The study concludes that humanitarian workers in Bulengo camp exhibit fragmented knowledge and moderate attitudes toward mental health, while displaced persons demonstrate predominantly low resilience, highlighting a gap between humanitarian knowledge and the effective implementation of resilience-building practices in conflict-affected settings. Recommendations: The study recommends strengthening capacity-building programs for humanitarian workers through structured training in mental health and psychosocial support to improve their practical ability to foster community resilience. The study also recommends that humanitarian organizations integrate coordinated, community-based resilience interventions and allocate adequate resources for mental health services within humanitarian response programs. Keywords: North Kivu, humanitarian aid, mental health, community resilience, displaced persons.
WATER STORAGE INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND WATER SERVICE DELIVERY: PERSPECTIVES FROM MANDERA COUNTY, KENYA
Purpose of Study: To assess the effect of water storage infrastructure development on the provision of water services in Mandera County. Problem Statement: The Kenya National Water Policy 2021 was designed to ensure sustainable water resource management and equitable access to clean water. However, key gaps exist in its implementation in Mandera County, where water scarcity remains a persistent challenge. The study was underpinned by Institutional Theory. Methodology: The study was informed by pragmatism philosophy and employing a descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised 535 participants drawn from various key stakeholders in Mandera County, including the Water Resources Authority, Mandera Office, Mandera County Companies, community leaders, representatives from the Non- Governmental Organization, County Government of Mandera Water Department, and the National Drought Management Authority. The researcher used Slovin’s formula to obtain a sample size of 229 respondents. Result: Findings revealed that 51.9% of the variation in the provision of water services in Mandera County was attributed to the development of water storage infrastructure, demonstrating strong influence of storage infrastructure on water service delivery. Recommendation: The county department of water services should investment in the construction, maintenance and security of water storage infrastructure, with specific attention to underserved rural areas. Keywords: Water Storage Infrastructure, Water Service Delivery, Infrastructure Development, Rural Water Supply, Mandera County
EFFECT OF STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT IN STRATEGY MONITORING AND EVALUATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CATHOLIC PARISHES IN ARUSHA, TANZANIA
Background: Stakeholder engagement is essential for the performance and sustainability of Catholic parishes, especially where parishes face issues such as inconsistent participation, weak accountability, and limited feedback mechanisms during the strategy monitoring and evaluation (M&E) phase. Objective: This study examined the effect of stakeholder participation in M&E processes on parish performance, with a focus on spiritual, social, and developmental outcomes. Methodology: Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study surveyed 460 respondents from diverse stakeholder groups, including clergy, parish council members, apostolic association leaders, and lay faithful. Quantitative data were examined using descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling (SEM), whilst qualitative insights were obtained from semi-structured interviews. Findings: The results showed a strong positive link between stakeholder engagement in M&E and enhanced parish performance, with a path coefficient of 0.712 between strategy monitoring and parish performance, indicating that stakeholder involvement significantly influences outcomes. Conclusions and Recommendations: Parishes that actively involve stakeholders in strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation achieve higher levels of community outreach, financial sustainability, and operational efficiency. Catholic parishes in Arusha should institutionalize participatory M&E systems, ensuring that all stakeholders, particularly lay faithful, are involved in decision-making processes to foster greater accountability, responsiveness, and alignment with community needs. Keywords: Stakeholder Engagement, Strategy Monitoring and Evaluation, Parish Performance
SELF-MANAGEMENT AND ICT INTEGRATION AS CORRELATES OF LEARNERS’ READINESS: ASSESSMENT OF COMPETENCE BASED CURRICULUM IN GREATER BUSHENYI, UGANDA
Purpose of Study: The study aimed to assess self-management and ICT integration as correlates of the readiness of learners in the competence based curriculum (CBC). Emphasis was put on self-management and ICT integration as core correlates to learners’ readiness in secondary schools in Uganda. Problem Statement: Ugandan education system has been largely knowledge based where success of learning was based on grades. This was characterized by volumous notes and grading with competition. This prompted a dire need to revise the teaching and learning process in secondary schools in Uganda. The knowledge-based learning had paused severe repercussions where learners are vessels of concepts that don’t have immediate application. The Ministry of Education then reverted to a competence-based curriculum (CBC) where learners construct their study environment; and teachers simply facilitate. Information and communication technologies (ICT) were positioned as a universal bridge and should be integrated in all subjects, besides being a stand-alone subject. Flares kept emerging from various stakeholders about learners’ readiness to embrace the CBC; and this prompted the researchers to conduct this study. Methodology: Using cross sectional survey design, 288 learners and 12 teachers in Greater Bushenyi were contacted using largely questionnaires and focus group discussions. Learners were selected form S1, S2 & S3 because they are direct beneficiaries of the CBC; together with the teachers of both arts and sciences. Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) Version 24 was used to analyze the data. Result: The study found that self-management and ICT integration are strong drivers to learners’ readiness in the CBC. The significance of ICT integration was evidenced across the board; while self-management slightly differed for S1 learners. Recommendation: The study recommends that learners need teachers to give then time so that they discuss innovations and carry out projects that enhance their competence acquisition. Keywords: Competence based Curriculum, Readiness, ICT Integration, Self-Management
A POSTCOLONIAL READING OF KWAME NKRUMAH’S 1957 INDEPENDENCE DAY SPEECH
On 6th March 1957, at the historic moment of Ghana’s liberation from British colonial rule, Kwame Nkrumah delivered what has become one of the most consequential speeches in African political history. The declaration that “Ghana, your beloved country, is free forever” did more than announce political independence; it articulated a profound epistemic, cultural, and ideological rupture from colonial domination. This paper offers a postcolonial reading of Nkrumah’s Independence Day speech, situating it within the theoretical frameworks of anti-colonial nationalism, decolonial consciousness, and Pan-African humanism. Drawing on postcolonial theorists such as Frantz Fanon and Homi K. Bhabha, this study argues that Nkrumah’s speech performs three critical functions: it dismantles colonial discourse, reconstructs African subjectivity, and projects a continental vision of freedom beyond national borders. The speech not only confronts the psychological and structural violence of colonialism but also reframes independence as a collective African destiny, captured in the assertion that “the independence of Ghana is meaningless unless it is linked up with the total liberation of Africa.” Through close textual analysis, this paper demonstrates that Nkrumah’s rhetoric negotiates between resistance and responsibility, triumph and caution, nationalism and Pan-Africanism. Ultimately, the speech emerges as both a political proclamation and a foundational postcolonial text that seeks to redefine identity, sovereignty, and historical agency for formerly colonized people. By humanizing the moment of independence while theorizing its implications, this study positions Nkrumah’s address as a performative act of decolonization and a blueprint for postcolonial statehood. Keywords: Postcolonialism, Anti-colonial nationalism, Decolonization, Pan-Africanism, Colonial discourse, African sovereignty
STRATEGIC FINANCIAL CONTROL STRATEGIES AND PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED TELECOMMUNICATION FIRMS IN KENYA
Purpose of the Study: This study investigates the impact of strategic financial control strategies specifically revenue assurance and anti-money laundering (AML) practices on the performance of telecommunication firms in Kenya. These firms operate in a high-risk, innovation-driven environment where revenue leakages and financial crimes can significantly undermine profitability and trust. Short Introduction of Problem Statement: Kenya’s telecommunications industry has experienced rapid growth and digital transformation, particularly through mobile money platforms. However, these advancements have exposed firms to increasing risks, including fraud, cybercrime, and illicit financial transactions. Despite regulatory interventions, firms continue to suffer from revenue losses and reputational damage due to weak financial controls. Methodology: The research employed a descriptive survey design with a quantitative approach. Data were collected from 154 management-level employees across Safaricom, Airtel Kenya, and Telkom Kenya using structured questionnaires. Stratified sampling was used to ensure proportional representation. The data was analyzed using SPSS Version 27, employing descriptive and inferential statistics including Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Results of the Study: Findings revealed that both revenue assurance and AML practices have a statistically significant and positive effect on firm performance. Revenue assurance emerged as a stronger predictor, while AML practices enhanced regulatory compliance, operational transparency, and customer trust. Conclusion and Policy Recommendations: Telecommunication firms should invest in AI-driven revenue tracking systems and automated AML frameworks. Regulators should enforce industry-wide compliance standards. Strengthening financial control strategies is imperative for resilience and competitive advantage. Keywords: Revenue assurance, anti-money laundering, strategic financial control, organizational performance, telecommunication, Kenya.
OPTIMIZING RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND EFFICIENCY IN PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN RWANDA
Background and problem statement: This study investigates resource management practices within Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Rwanda's construction and infrastructure sector to identify operational inefficiencies and propose optimization strategies. Despite strong policy frameworks under Vision 2050 and the National Strategy for Transformation (NST1 and NST2), PPP projects in Rwanda continue to experience cost overruns, project delays, and underutilized resources, primarily linked to weak resource planning, fragmented coordination, limited skilled labor, and inadequate risk management capacity. Methodology: A mixed-methods approach was adopted, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Data were collected through a structured survey of 54 professionals, 15 semi-structured interviews, 3 focus group discussions, document analysis, and site visits to selected major PPP projects in Rwanda. Results and Findings: Findings reveal that only 20% of respondents perceive current resource allocation as efficient, while approximately 80% report project delays linked to mismanagement. Funding inconsistencies (67%), lack of transparency (72%), and communication gaps (74%) were identified as the most critical challenges significantly affecting PPP efficiency. Conclusion and Recommendations: Balanced risk allocation, digital monitoring systems, lifecycle planning, performance-based contracting, and institutional capacity strengthening are recommended to enhance PPP resource management and accelerate sustainable infrastructure development in Rwanda. Keywords: Public-Private Partnerships, resource management, infrastructure development, Rwanda, project efficiency.
GENDERED LENSES: MASCULINITY, FEMININITY, AND KENYAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ JUDGEMENTS OF CONDOM TELEVISION ADVERTISEMENTS
Purpose of Study: This paper aimed at investigating the importance of Masculinity/Femininity as a cultural factor that predisposes Kenyan university students to make judgment about condom television advertisements. Problem Statement: In Kenya, the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate is 4.5 per cent among adults aged 15-49 years, with young people contributing 30 per cent of the infections. The television advertisements on condoms are thus important in ensuring that sexual health in the country is promoted. Nevertheless, cultural mismatch usually subversives such advertisements and this was the case in Kenya where the Kenya Film Classification Board (KFCB) banned prime time programming citing moral reasons in 2015. This culture clash makes it question how such advertisements are perceived and judged by the students of the university. Methodology: The research population was identified as 236,905 students in eight local and private universities in the Nairobi County. The sample size of 399 respondents was used, and 306 of those who filled the questionnaires were returned, which resulted in a response rate of 76 percent. The questionnaires were done manually by the researcher and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used and the results were given in tabular form. Result: The analysis has shown that there is a statistically significant correlation between Masculinity vs Femininity (within the context of gender equality, gender roles, and gender stereotypes) and the judgment of university students in Kenya of condom television advertisement. Recommendation: The discussion recommends the use of cultural dimension theory in the broadcasting of the condom advertisement promotions on the Kenyan television to facilitate cultural congruence and acceptance. Moreover, the university deans and student welfare departments ought to increase education on contraceptive use, sexuality and media literacy to students in order to make them have a balanced and informed judgment about such advertisements. Keywords: Cultural misalignment, sexual health, media literacy, Masculinity versus femininity.
THE EFFECT OF MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES ON PUBLIC EDUCATION EXPENDITURE IN NIGERIA (1980 - 2023)
This study investigates the short-run and long-run effects of monetary and fiscal policies on public education expenditure in Nigeria from 1980 to 2023. Anchored in Human Capital Theory, the analysis employs an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach to cointegration on time-series data from the Central Bank of Nigeria and the World Bank. The empirical findings reveal a critical dichotomy: fiscal policy, proxied by total government spending, exerts a significant and positive long-run influence on education funding. In contrast, monetary policy variables inflation and exchange rate demonstrate weak, statistically insignificant long-run relationships. The short-run dynamics indicate that while foreign direct investment inflows have a positive immediate impact, government spending negatively affects education expenditure, suggesting potential budgetary reallocation or execution lags. Diagnostic tests confirm model stability, and impulse response analysis shows that shocks to government spending have more persistent effects on education budgets than inflationary shocks. The study concludes that fiscal policy is the predominant driver of education financing in Nigeria, with monetary policy playing a marginal and indirect role. Consequently, the paper recommends strengthening fiscal discipline, improving budgetary efficiency, and fostering enhanced monetary–fiscal coordination to ensure sustainable and resilient funding for Nigeria's education sector. Keywords: Education Expenditure, Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy, Human Capital, Inflation, Government Spending.
FINANCING STRATEGIES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS BY THE MINISTRY OF ROADS AND TRANSPORT IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
Purpose of the study: The study sought to ascertain the effects of financing strategies on the implementation of road infrastructure projects by the Ministry of Roads and Transport in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Specifically, it examined how debt financing, public–private partnerships, national budget allocations, and transit tolls affect the implementation of road infrastructure projects. Statement of the problem: A causal research design was employed. The target population comprised 514 employees of the Ministry of Roads and Transport. A sample size of 226 respondents was obtained using proportionate stratified sampling and Yamane’s formula with a 5% margin of error. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including correlation and multiple regression analysis, were used for data analysis. Methodology: A causal research design was employed. The target population was 514 ministry of road and transport employees. The sample size was 226 obtained using proportionate stratified sampling and Yamane's formula with a 5% margin of error. Descriptive and Inferential statistics (correlation and multiple regression) were used for analysis. Findings: The findings revealed that public-private partnerships, debt financing, national budget, and transit tolls had positive and significant effects on road infrastructure implementation in Nairobi City County. The results further demonstrated that combining these financing models facilitated risk sharing between public and private sectors, thereby reducing strain on public finances and improving overall project execution efficiency. Conclusion: The study concludes that a well-structured combination of public-private partnerships, debt financing, national budget allocations, and transit tolls significantly enhances road infrastructure project implementation by the Ministry of Roads and Transport in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Recommendations: The study recommends that the Ministry of Roads and Transport should promote stronger collaborations between public and private sectors to optimize resource allocation and attract increased private investments toward road infrastructure development. Furthermore, the Ministry should adopt more sophisticated digital tools to monitor and manage project documents, ensuring transparency, accountability, and efficiency throughout the entire road infrastructure project implementation lifecycle. Keywords: Financing strategies, implementation, road infrastructure projects, ministry of roads and transport, Nairobi City County, Kenya
BIO-SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS DETERMINING UTILIZATION OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING SERVICES AMONG WOMEN AGED 25-49 YEARS
Background: Cervical Cancer has been established as the fourth most common cancer among women all over the world, with an estimated 570,000 new cases in 2018. Kenya cervical cancer statistics have shown that the disease contributes 5,250 (12.9%) of the new cancer cases every year, consequently contributing to 3,286 (11.84%) of all the cancer deaths annually. Cultural beliefs significantly influence cervical cancer prevention, and WHO emphasizes screening for early detection of precancerous lesions as a key strategy toward eliminating the disease among women. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Maternal Child Health clinic at Kitengela Sub-county Hospital. Women aged 25-49 years were assessed. Semi-structured researcher-administered questionnaires were used to assess the bio-sociocultural factors influencing the utilization of cervical cancer screening services. The study used Fisher’s formula to determine a sample of 194 participants selected through systematic random sampling, with data analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression in SPSS version 24. Results: The study showed that the older the woman, the higher the chances of utilizing the service (B=0.731). Although most 82.5% (n=160) of them were married, only 1.5 % (n=3) found it comfortable discussing their reproductive health issues with their sexual partner. A significant number 36% (n= 54) of them, felt that it was shameful to expose their private parts. All respondents were Christians; however, a significant number, 20% (n=30) of them, reported that their religion does not allow them to be screened for cervical cancer. The analysis showed that the higher the number of children one has, the greater the likelihood of using the service (B = 0.253). Conclusion: Cervical cancer screening uptake remains low despite general awareness, largely due to inadequate knowledge about free services in public health facilities. Targeted health education and age-specific sensitization strategies are therefore necessary to improve utilization, especially among younger women. Keywords: Bio-socio-cultural factors, cervical cancer screening service utilization
MENSTRUAL HYGIENE IS NOT OBVIOUS AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN LOW-RESOURCE SETTINGS: PROMOTING IT IS A PRIORITY
Background: Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) is a vital component of adolescent reproductive health, yet it remains inadequately practiced among girls in many low-resource settings. Cultural taboos, limited access to affordable sanitary materials, and poor water and sanitation infrastructure continue to undermine safe and dignified menstrual practices. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in Lari Sub-County, Kiambu County, Kenya. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted between 4th and 31st July 2023 among 365 secondary school girls aged 13–20 years, randomly selected from 10 schools in Lari Sub-County. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using STATA and SPSS. Results: The study included 365 girls aged 13–20 years (mean 16 years), with most attaining menarche at 14 years (29.6%). Most respondents (86%) had heard about menstrual hygiene and 72.3% received information before menarche, mainly from parents (47.5%) and teachers (45.5%). Overall, 59% were knowledgeable, with knowledge significantly varying by school (χ² = 18.047, p = 0.035). Attitudes were moderately positive (53%), though 29.6% felt embarrassed and 21.4% viewed menstruation as spiritually unclean. Regarding practices, 55.1% cleaned with water only, disposal was mainly via pit latrines (57.8%) and bins (38.1%), and 65.8% avoided places of worship during menstruation. Conclusion: Despite relatively high access to menstrual hygiene materials, knowledge levels remain moderate and several barriers persist, including inadequate water access, stigma, and unsafe disposal practices. Strengthening menstrual health education, improving WASH infrastructure, and enhancing community sensitization are essential interventions to promote safe menstrual hygiene management and improve the dignity, wellbeing, and school participation of adolescent girls. Keywords: Menstrual hygiene management, adolescent girls, menstrual stigma, sanitary materials, reproductive health, Kenya
MODERATING ROLE OF FAMILY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF BOY CHILD IN KENYA
The main objective of this research was to examine the moderating role of family on the relationship between psychosocial factors and the development of boychild in child in Kenya. The study used an explanatory research design, with all 10,463 Kenyan public secondary schools serving as the unit of study. The target population unit of analysis was all the 3,500,000 students, 113,200 teachers, 10,463 principals, 3,400,000 parents, 14 heads of mental health hospitals, 129 heads of prisons, and 47 county education officers respectively in Kenya. Stratified-Systematic sampling and purposive sampling were used to identify a sample size of 1,682 respondents selected using the Krejcie and Morgan Table formula. This study employed a mixed-method research approach to collect and analyze both qualitative and quantitative data. The coefficients for psychosocial factors and family dynamics provide further insights. Psychosocial factors exhibit a stronger influence, with a higher unstandardized coefficient (B) of 0.48 compared to 0.15 for family dynamics. This indicates that, for every one-unit increase in psychosocial factors, there is a more pronounced corresponding increase in boy child development compared to family dynamics. However, both predictors are statistically significant (p< 0.05), underscoring their importance in predicting boy child development. In the second model (Model 2), the coefficients explore the combined effect of psychosocial factors and family dynamics, including their interaction. The constant term remains the same, but the coefficient for the interaction between psychosocial factors and family is introduced. This coefficient of 0.08 suggests a relatively smaller effect of the interaction on boy child development compared to the individual effects of psychosocial factors and family dynamics. However, it is still statistically significant (p < 0.05), indicating that the interaction between psychosocial factors and family dynamics contributes to the prediction of boy child development. The findings from this study offer valuable insights for policymakers and implementers in addressing critical gender disparities and enhancing the development and performance of boys. This has broader implications for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Africa Vision 2050, and Kenya Vision 2030. Keywords: Psychosocial factors, cognitive development, and social integration.
COMPLIANCE WITH CLINICAL DOCUMENTATION PRACTICE AMONG MEDICAL DOCTORS IN NATIONAL REFERRAL HOSPITAL IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA
Clinical documentation is fundamental to safe and effective patient care, yet global compliance remains below the World Health Organization's recommended 95% standard. In Kenya, compliance stands at 80%, with documented challenges in health information systems contributing to patient mismanagement and medical errors. Limited research has examined clinical documentation compliance among medical doctors in National Referral Hospitals despite their critical role in tertiary healthcare delivery. This study evaluated clinical documentation compliance rates and the influence of sociodemographic characteristics among medical doctors in National Referral Hospitals in Nairobi City County, Kenya. A descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among 203 medical doctors sampled from three National Referral Hospitals using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and the Medical Records Quality Scoring Checklist (MeReQ) to assess compliance across four quality dimensions: completeness, accuracy, legibility, and timeliness. Chi-square tests determined associations between sociodemographic characteristics and compliance at p≤0.05 significance level. Overall compliance was 67%, substantially below both Kenya's 80% and the international 95% standards. Gender (χ²=8.474, p=0.005) and age (χ²=26.732, p=0.001) demonstrated statistically significant associations with compliance. Female doctors showed higher compliance (88.3%) compared to males (72.3%), while mid-career doctors aged 35-47 years exhibited the lowest compliance (49.1%). Work experience, education level, ICT proficiency, and specialization showed no significant associations with compliance. The study concludes that clinical documentation compliance remains suboptimal in National Referral Hospitals. Gender and age significantly influence documentation adherence, necessitating targeted, age-specific and gender-sensitive interventions alongside comprehensive quality improvement frameworks to achieve international standards. Keywords: Compliance, Clinical Documentation Practice, Medical Doctors, National Referral Hospital, Nairobi City County
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND ORGANISATION PERFORMANCE OF KENYA DAIRY BOARD
Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between strategic management practices and organisational performance at the Kenya Dairy Board. Problem Statement: The study was motivated by the fact that only 12% of Kenyan dairy products meet international quality standards, reflecting weak innovation capacity and low competitiveness in global markets. Further, post-harvest losses account for 30% of annual milk output due to underinvestment in cold chain logistics and inefficient resource allocation. These challenges threaten the sector’s competitiveness and financial sustainability. Methodology: A descriptive design was adopted, targeting 149 employees, with a stratified sample of 109 respondents. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed through descriptive, correlation, and regression techniques. Reliability and validity were confirmed through pilot testing and diagnostic checks, while ethical approvals were obtained from St Paul’s University and NACOSTI. Result: The Board’s performance remained stable even without the studied practices. Strategic innovation practices had a negative but statistically significant effect on performance (B = –0.252, p = 0.017), indicating possible misalignment with sector priorities. Resource allocation (B = 0.119, p = 0.376) and operating environment practices (B = 0.195, p = 0.153) showed positive but insignificant effects. This suggests that current strategies have limited impact on organisational performance. Recommendation: The researcher recommends investing in new technologies, promoting a culture of creativity, adopting data-driven resource allocation, and strengthening responses to external market and regulatory dynamics. Keywords: Strategic Innovation Practices, Resource Allocation Practices. Operating Environment Practices. Organisational Performance, Kenya Dairy Board.
CAREER EDUCATION AND STUDENTS’ EMPLOYABILITY IN WEST AFRICAN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: THE EDUCATION COLLABORATIVE PERSPECTIVE
This study examines the state of career education and employability tracking in higher education institutions (HEIs) in West Africa, highlighting key challenges and opportunities. Using Holland’s Career Choice and Human Capital Theories, the study explores how universities align academic programs with labor market demands and the effectiveness of career services in preparing students for employment. Findings on career education and employability tracking from 37 Higher Education Institutions in West Africa reveal that private universities have stronger career services and employer linkages, while public universities face challenges such as limited funding, bureaucratic constraints, and weak employability tracking systems. The study also highlights the low adoption of structured career curricula and graduate tracking mechanisms, making it difficult for HEIs to assess and enhance student employability. To address these gaps, the study recommends strengthening university-industry collaborations, integrating career education into curricula, increasing funding for career services, leveraging digital tracking systems, and engaging alumni in mentorship programs. Policy reforms are also necessary to institutionalize career education and employability tracking in all HEIs. By implementing these strategies, universities can better prepare students for successful career transitions, economic participation, and workforce adaptability in an evolving job market. Keywords: Career development, Employability, West Africa, Higher Education Institution, Education Collaborative
AN EVALUATION OF ST. MARTIN CATHOLIC SOCIAL APOSTOLATE’S ADDICTION TREATMENT APPROACH, AND INTENSIVE OUTPATIENT REHABILITATION PROGRAMME
Purpose of Study: The purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of St. Martin CSA’s addiction treatment approach and IOP in improving clients’ quality of life and facilitating recovery. Problem Statement: Laikipia County shares a significant portion of 35 million people in substance addiction globally. St. Martin (CSA) seeks to address this gap through the community-based intervention. The effectiveness of the approach remained largely unknown. Methodology: Employing a mixed-method research design, the evaluation involved 133 program beneficiaries and key stakeholders. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights were gathered from focus group discussions and interviews. Percentages and means, descriptive statistics, and one-way ANOVA inferential statistics were used to compare clients’ functioning pre- and post-treatment. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically to identify emerging trends. Result: Key findings indicated improvement in overall quality of life post-rehabilitation. Relapse was at 55% within the first six months. However, 86% sustained sobriety at the time of data collection. Recommendation: There was a need for sufficient monitoring of all program activities through proper documentation of individual clients’ progress and enhancement of aftercare services. Keywords: Intensive Outpatient Rehabilitation, St Martin CSA, Addiction Treatment Approach, Community-Based Rehabilitation
FACTORS INFLUENCING LOCAL PHILANTHROPY IN ST MARTIN CSA AND L’ARCHE KENYA
Purpose of Study: To examine factors influencing local philanthropy in St. Martin CSA and L’Arche Kenya. Problem Statement: St Martin CSA and L’Arche Kenya have successfully engaged local communities in delivering development and social support services. This is supported by the African communal values and the spirit of collective action. The two organizations are currently experiencing donor and volunteer fatigue, threatening the sustainability of local philanthropy, necessitating a study on the decline of the giving tendency. Methodology: The study adopted the exploratory qualitative research design since localized studies on the research subject were limited. Data was collected through focus group discussions involving market traders, business owners, volunteers, religious group members, community mobilization staff, and self-help groups that support the two organizations either individually or collectively. Purposive selection of respondents ensured homogeneity, relevance, and in-depth sharing of lived experiences. Data collected was summarized and organized in thematic areas and presented in text form to answer the research question. Result: Religious beliefs, cultural values, donors’ individualized exposure to the two organizations, intangible rewards, trust, and effective communication shaped philanthropists’ behavior. In addition, the decision to give, including the amount, timing, and frequency were spontaneous and socially influenced. Recommendation: The two organizations should strategically pursue donor confidence and retention by sharing success stories and showcasing the impact of completed and ongoing projects. They should also focus on maintaining the goodwill and the confidence of the local community by ensuring transparency and donor appreciation, as well as exploring innovative strategies of attracting and engaging the younger generation, for continuity. Keywords: Local Philanthropy, St Martin CSA, L’Arche Kenya, Repeated Giving
TRAIL INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN KENYA'S ADVENTURE TOURISM SECTOR
Adventure tourism represents a rapidly expanding segment within the global tourism industry, offering significant opportunities for destinations with diverse natural landscapes. Kenya possesses substantial natural assets suitable for adventure tourism development, yet the sector remains underdeveloped due to inadequate trail infrastructure investment. This conceptual review examined the role of trail infrastructure investment in determining competitive advantage in Kenya's adventure tourism sector through systematic literature review. Theoretical foundations draw on Resource Based View Theory and Destination Competitiveness Theory. Literature was synthesized from peer reviewed journals, industry reports, and policy documents published between 2020 and 2025. The synthesis revealed that integrated infrastructure investment significantly influences competitive advantage by creating coherent tourism products and superior visitor experiences through trail network connectivity, signage systems, and integrated support facilities. Quality enhancement investments prove equally critical, with systematic surface maintenance ensuring consistent experience delivery, safety features expanding market accessibility, and accessibility standards enabling market diversification. The review establishes that strategic trail infrastructure investment constitutes a fundamental source of sustainable competitive advantage by converting natural endowments into distinctive tourism products. The review recommends that government agencies develop holistic investment frameworks, destination managers implement systematic quality enhancement programs, and policymakers establish investment incentives and public private partnership mechanisms facilitating sustained infrastructure development in Kenya's adventure tourism sector. Keywords: Trail infrastructure investment, competitive advantage, adventure tourism
EFFECT OF DIETARY PATTERN ON MENU CHOICE AMONG CUSTOMERS. EVIDENCE FROM STAR-RATED HOTELS IN NAKURU COUNTY, KENYA
The main purpose of this study was to assess the influence of dietary patterns on menu choice among customers in star-rated hotels in Nakuru County, Kenya, guided by the Theory of Planned Behaviour. An explanatory research design was adopted, targeting a population of 785 customers, from which a sample size of 265 respondents was determined using the Yamane formula. Star-rated hotels were purposively selected and clustered, with Neyman’s allocation used to proportionately distribute the sample. Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire measured on a five-point Likert scale, and instrument reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients above 0.7. Regression results revealed that dietary patterns significantly influenced customer menu choice, with dietary patterns explaining 36.1% of the variation in menu choice and demonstrating a strong positive effect (β = 0.602, p < 0.05), while the overall model was statistically significant. The findings further showed that customers commonly consumed three meals a day, snacked between meals, preferred dietary variety, and were influenced by social dining environments, which shaped both food selection and quantity consumed. The study concluded that dietary patterns reflected in menu choice are largely motivated by lifestyle factors, including biological nutritional needs and social values attached to food consumption. Consequently, the study recommends that star-rated hotels should provide diverse and nutritionally balanced menu options that align with customers’ healthy eating concerns in order to promote positive dietary behaviors and informed menu choices. Keywords: Dietary Patterns, Menu Choice, Star-Rated Hotels
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL INCLUSION AND CREDIT RISK OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA
Purpose of Study: This research aimed to ascertain the effect of financial inclusion on credit risk in Kenyan commercial banks, specifically focusing on banking services availability, accessibility and usage. Problem Statement: Commercial institutions are facing growing challenges with escalating credit risk, largely attributed to efforts to expand their loan portfolios. The drive for greater financial inclusion, combined with increasing competition, has led banks to innovate and strive for an all-inclusive economy. However, despite these efforts, credit risk measured by the rise in bad debts has continued to grow alongside financial inclusion. Methodology: An explanatory research design was employed, the study's target population consisted of all 38 commercial institutions operating in Kenya as of 2022, and it relied on secondary data collected from the banks' financials and Central Bank of Kenya's supervision reports from 2018 to 2022. Descriptive statistics included measures such as frequency distributions, means, percentages and standard deviations. Inferential analysis was assessed through regression techniques. Result: The study revealed that bank availability, bank accessibility and bank usage had positive and significant effect on credit risk of commercial banks in Kenyan. Conclusion: Greater availability, accessibility and usage enables a wider population to utilize banking services, increasing the number of depositors and enhancing bank liquidity. Recommendation: The banks should implement robust risk assessment frameworks that utilize advanced analytics and data modeling to help banks better understand and predict credit risks. Keywords: Bank Availability, Bank Usage, Banking Competition, Bank Accessibility, Credit risk and Financial Inclusion
IMPACT OF FALL ARMYWORM MITIGATION STRATEGIES ON MAIZE PRODUCTIVITY IN IMBO PLAIN, BURUNDI
Purpose of the Study: The study examined factors influencing the adoption, intensity of use, and yield effects of fall armyworm (FAW) mitigation strategies among maize farmers in Burundi. Statement of the Problem: Fall armyworm poses a serious threat to maize production and food security in Burundi, yet limited evidence exists on what drives farmers’ adoption of control measures and their impact on yields. Methodology: Data from 536 maize farmers in five provinces of the Imbo plain were analyzed using the Double Hurdle model to assess adoption and intensity of use, and Propensity Score Matching to estimate yield impacts. Findings: About 68% of farmers adopted FAW mitigation methods, predominantly chemical control. Adoption and intensity were positively influenced by socio-economic factors, information access, credit, and extension services. Adopters achieved significantly higher maize yields than non-adopters. Conclusion: FAW mitigation strategies improve maize yields, but adoption is heavily skewed toward chemical methods, indicating limited uptake of integrated pest management practices. Recommendations: The study recommends strengthening extension services, promoting Integrated Pest Management training, improving access to credit, and enhancing rural infrastructure to support sustainable FAW control. Keywords: Farmers’ Adoption, Fall armyworm, Mitigation technologies, Maize yield, Burundi.